yasnippet/snippet-expansion.html
Noam Postavsky 1167e57937 Automatic documentation update.
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<title>Expanding snippets</title>
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<div id="preamble" class="status">
<nav>
<ul class="center">
<li> <a href="index.html">Overview</a>
<li> <a href="https://github.com/capitaomorte/yasnippet/blob/master/README.mdown">
Intro and Tutorial</a>
<li class="center">Snippet
<ul>
<li> <a href="snippet-organization.html">Organization</a>
<li> <a href="snippet-expansion.html">Expansion</a>
<li> <a href="snippet-development.html">Development</a>
<li> <a href="snippet-menu.html">Menu</a>
</ul>
<li> <a href="faq.html">FAQ</a>
<li> <a href="snippet-reference.html">Reference</a>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h1 class="title">Expanding snippets</h1>
<div id="table-of-contents">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1">Triggering expansion</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1">Trigger key</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-1-1-1">Fallback behaviour</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-2">Insert at point</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-3">Snippet keybinding</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-4">Expanding from the menu</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-5">Expanding with <code>hippie-expand</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-1-6">Expanding from emacs-lisp code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#sec-2">Controlling expansion</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-2-1">Eligible snippets</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-2">The condition system</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3">Multiples snippet with the same key</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-1">Use the X window system</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-2">Minibuffer prompting</a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-3">Use <code>dropdown-menu.el</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#sec-2-3-4">Roll your own</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section describes how YASnippet chooses snippets for expansion at point.
</p>
<p>
Maybe, you'll want some snippets to be expanded in a particular
mode, or only under certain conditions, or be prompted using
</p>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-1">Triggering expansion</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
<p>
You can use YASnippet to expand snippets in different ways:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>When <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-minor-mode"><code>yas-minor-mode</code></a> is active:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Type the snippet's <b>trigger key</b> then calling <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a>
(bound to <code>TAB</code> by default).
</li>
<li>Use the snippet's <b>keybinding</b>.
</li>
<li>By expanding directly from the "YASnippet" menu in the menu-bar
</li>
<li>Using hippie-expand
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Call <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-insert-snippet"><code>yas-insert-snippet</code></a> (use <code>M-x yas-insert-snippet=</code> or its
keybinding <code>C-c &amp; C-s</code>).
</li>
<li>Use m2m's excellent auto-complete
TODO: example for this
</li>
<li>Expanding from emacs-lisp code
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-1">Trigger key</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
<p>
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a> tries to expand a <i>snippet abbrev</i> (also known as
<i>snippet key</i>) before point.
</p>
<p>
When <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-minor-mode"><code>yas-minor-mode</code></a> is enabled, it binds <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a> to <code>TAB</code> and
<code>&lt;tab&gt;</code> by default, however, you can freely set it to some other key:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp">(define-key yas-minor-mode-map (kbd "&lt;tab&gt;") nil)
(define-key yas-minor-mode-map (kbd "TAB") nil)
(define-key yas-minor-mode-map (kbd "&lt;the new key&gt;") 'yas-expand)
</pre>
</div>
<p>
To enable the YASnippet minor mode in all buffers globally use the
command <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-global-mode"><code>yas-global-mode</code></a>. This will enable a modeline indicator,
<code>yas</code>:
</p>
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/minor-mode-indicator.png" alt="minor-mode-indicator.png" />
</p>
</div>
<p>
When you use <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-global-mode"><code>yas-global-mode</code></a> you can also selectively disable
YASnippet in some buffers by setting the buffer-local variable
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-dont-active"><code>yas-dont-active</code></a> in the buffer's mode hook.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-1-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-1-1-1">Fallback behaviour</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-1-1-1">
<p>
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-fallback-behaviour"><code>yas-fallback-behaviour</code></a> is a customization variable bound to
'<code>call-other-command</code> by default. If <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a> failed to find any
suitable snippet to expand, it will disable the minor mode temporarily
and find if there's any other command bound to the same key.
</p>
<p>
If found, the command will be called. Usually this works very well
&#x2013;when there's a snippet, expand it, otherwise, call whatever command
originally bind to the trigger key.
</p>
<p>
However, you can change this behavior by customizing the
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-fallback-behavior"><code>yas-fallback-behavior</code></a> variable. If you set this variable to
'<code>return-nil</code>, it will return <code>nil</code> instead of trying to call the
<i>original</i> command when no snippet is found.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-2">Insert at point</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
<p>
The command <i><code>yas-insert-snippet</code></i> lets you insert snippets at point
<i>for your current major mode</i>. It prompts you for the snippet key
first, and then for a snippet template if more than one template
exists for the same key.
</p>
<p>
The list presented contains the snippets that can be inserted at point,
according to the condition system. If you want to see all applicable
snippets for the major mode, prefix this command with <code>C-u</code>.
</p>
<p>
The prompting methods used are again controlled by
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-prompt-functions"><code>yas-prompt-functions</code></a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-3">Snippet keybinding</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
<p>
See the section of the <code># binding:</code> directive in
<a href="./snippet-development.html">Writing Snippets</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-4" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-4">Expanding from the menu</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
<p>
See <a href="./snippet-menu.html">the YASnippet Menu</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-5" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-5">Expanding with <code>hippie-expand</code></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
<p>
To integrate with <code>hippie-expand</code>, just put
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-hippie-try-expand"><code>yas-hippie-try-expand</code></a> in
<code>hippie-expand-try-functions-list</code>. This probably makes more sense
when placed at the top of the list, but it can be put anywhere you
prefer.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-1-6" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-1-6">Expanding from emacs-lisp code</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-6">
<p>
Sometimes you might want to expand a snippet directly from your own
elisp code. You should call <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand-snippet"><code>yas-expand-snippet</code></a> instead of
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a> in this case. <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand-snippet"><code>yas-expand-snippet</code></a> takes a string in
snippet template syntax, if you want to expand an existing snippet you
can use <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-lookup-snippet"><code>yas-lookup-snippet</code></a> to find its contents by name.
</p>
<p>
As with expanding from the menubar, the condition system and multiple
candidates doesn't affect expansion (the condition system does affect
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-lookup-snippet"><code>yas-lookup-snippet</code></a> though). In fact, expanding from the YASnippet
menu has the same effect of evaluating the follow code:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp">(yas-expand-snippet template)
</pre>
</div>
<p>
See the internal documentation on <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand-snippet"><code>yas-expand-snippet</code></a> and
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-lookup-snippet"><code>yas-lookup-snippet</code></a> for more information.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="sec-2">Controlling expansion</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
</div><div id="outline-container-sec-2-1" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-2-1">Eligible snippets</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
<p>
YASnippet does quite a bit of filtering to find out which snippets are
eligible for expanding at the current cursor position.
</p>
<p>
In particular, the following things matter:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Currently loaded snippets tables
<p>
These are loaded from a directory hierarchy in your file system. See
<a href="./snippet-organization.html">Organizing Snippets</a>. They are named
after major modes like <code>html-mode</code>, <code>ruby-mode</code>, etc&#x2026;
</p>
</li>
<li>Major mode of the current buffer
<p>
If the currrent major mode matches one of the loaded snippet tables,
then all that table's snippets are considered for expansion. Use
<code>M-x describe-variable RET major-mode RET</code> to find out which major
mode you are in currently.
</p>
</li>
<li>Parent tables
<p>
Snippet tables defined as the parent of some other eligible table are
also considered. This works recursively, i.e. parents of parents of
eligible tables are also considered.
</p>
</li>
<li>Buffer-local list of extra modes
<p>
Use <i><code>yas-activate-extra-mode</code></i> to
consider snippet tables whose name does not correspond to a major
mode. Typically, you call this from a minor mode hook, for example:
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp">;; When entering rinari-minor-mode, consider also the snippets in the
;; snippet table "rails-mode"
(add-hook 'rinari-minor-mode-hook
#'(lambda ()
(yas-activate-extra-mode 'rails-mode)))
</pre>
</div>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Buffer-local
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-buffer-local-condition"><code>yas-buffer-local-condition</code></a>
variable
<p>
This variable provides finer grained control over what snippets can
be expanded in the current buffer. The default value won't let you
expand snippets inside comments or string literals for example. See
The condition system\_ for more info.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-2" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-2-2">The condition system</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
<p>
Consider this scenario: you are an old Emacs hacker. You like the
abbrev-way and bind <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-expand"><code>yas-expand</code></a> to <code>SPC</code>. However, you don't want
<code>if</code> to be expanded as a snippet when you are typing in a comment
block or a string (e.g. in <code>python-mode</code>).
</p>
<p>
If you use the <code># condition :</code> directive (see
<a href="./snippet-development.html">Writing Snippets</a>) you could just specify
the condition for <code>if</code> to be <code>(not (python-in-string/comment))</code>. But how
about <code>while</code>, <code>for</code>, etc. ? Writing the same condition for all the
snippets is just boring. So has a buffer local variable
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-buffer-local-condition"><code>yas-buffer-local-condition</code></a>. You can set this variable to
<code>(not (python-in-string/comment))</code> in <code>python-mode-hook</code>.
</p>
<p>
Then, what if you really want some particular snippet to expand even
inside a comment? Set <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-buffer-local-condition"><code>yas-buffer-local-condition</code></a> like this
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp">(add-hook 'python-mode-hook
(lambda ()
(setq yas-buffer-local-condition
'(if (python-in-string/comment)
'(require-snippet-condition . force-in-comment)
t))))
</pre>
</div>
<p>
&#x2026; and specify the condition for a snippet that you're going to expand
in comment to be evaluated to the symbol <code>force-in-comment</code>. Then it can
be expanded as you expected, while other snippets like <code>if</code> still can't
expanded in comment.
</p>
<p>
For the full set of possible conditions, see the documentation for
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-buffer-local-condition"><code>yas-buffer-local-condition</code></a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-3" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="sec-2-3">Multiples snippet with the same key</h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
<p>
The rules outlined <i>above</i> can return more than
one snippet to be expanded at point.
</p>
<p>
When there are multiple candidates, YASnippet will let you select one.
The UI for selecting multiple candidate can be customized through
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-prompt-functions"><code>yas-prompt-functions</code></a> , which defines your preferred methods of being
prompted for snippets.
</p>
<p>
You can customize it with
<code>M-x customize-variable RET yas-prompt-functions RET</code>. Alternatively you
can put in your emacs-file:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-emacs-lisp">(setq yas-prompt-functions '(yas-x-prompt yas-dropdown-prompt))
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Currently there are some alternatives solution with YASnippet.
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-3-1" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-2-3-1">Use the X window system</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-3-1">
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/x-menu.png" alt="x-menu.png" />
</p>
</div>
<p>
The function <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-x-prompt"><code>yas-x-prompt</code></a> can be used to show a popup menu for you to
select. This menu will be part of you native window system widget, which
means:
</p>
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>It usually looks beautiful. E.g. when you compile Emacs with gtk
support, this menu will be rendered with your gtk theme.
</li>
<li>Your window system may or may not allow to you use <code>C-n</code>, <code>C-p</code> to
navigate this menu.
</li>
<li>This function can't be used when in a terminal.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-3-2" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-2-3-2">Minibuffer prompting</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-3-2">
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/ido-menu.png" alt="ido-menu.png" />
</p>
</div>
<p>
You can use functions <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-completing-prompt"><code>yas-completing-prompt</code></a> for the classic emacs
completion method or <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-ido-prompt"><code>yas-ido-prompt</code></a> for a much nicer looking method.
The best way is to try it. This works in a terminal.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-3-3" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-2-3-3">Use <code>dropdown-menu.el</code></h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-3-3">
<div class="figure">
<p><img src="./images/dropdown-menu.png" alt="dropdown-menu.png" />
</p>
</div>
<p>
The function <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-dropdown-prompt"><code>yas-dropdown-prompt</code></a> can also be placed in the
<a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-prompt-functions"><code>yas-prompt-functions</code></a> list.
</p>
<p>
This works in both window system and terminal and is customizable, you
can use <code>C-n</code>, <code>C-p</code> to navigate, <code>q</code> to quit and even press <code>6</code> as a
shortcut to select the 6th candidate.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-sec-2-3-4" class="outline-4">
<h4 id="sec-2-3-4">Roll your own</h4>
<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-2-3-4">
<p>
See the documentation on variable <a href="snippet-reference.html#yas-prompt-functions"><code>yas-prompt-functions</code></a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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